双波段扇形波束圆锥扫描星载微波散射计系统设计

星载微波散射计是目前唯一能够同时全天候、全天时、高精度、高分辨率和短周期测量海洋表面风场矢量的有源微波遥感器,这一能力已在美国Seasat-1[1]、欧空局ERS-1/2[1]、日本ADEOS-1/2[1]、中国HY-2等卫星装载的微波散射计上得到了充分的证明。双波段、扇形波束圆锥扫描星载微波散射计是一种具有国际先进水平的星载微波散射计,具有测风范围大、测量精度高的优点。文章简要分析了该微波散射计的工作原理、总体方案设计、关键技术、及初步性能评估等。     

Parameter Optimization Method for Gaussian Mixture Model with Data Evolution

To learn from evolutionary experimental data points effectively,an evolutionary Gaussian mixture model based on constraint consistency（EGMM）is proposed and the corresponding method of parameter optimization is presented.Here,the Gaussian mixture model（GMM）is adopted to describe the data points,and the differences between the posterior probabilities of pairwise points under the current parameters are introduced to measure the temporal smoothness.Then,parameter optimization of EGMM can be realized by evolutionary clustering.Compared with most of the existing data analysis methods by evolutionary clustering,both the whole features and individual differences of data points are considered in the clustering framework of EGMM.It decreases the algorithm sensitivity to noises and increases the robustness of evaluated parameters.Experimental result shows that the clustering sequence really reflects the shift of data distribution,and the proposed algorithm can provide better clustering quality and temporal smoothness.     

集成式电动燃油泵控制规律研究

为实现对电动燃油泵供油量的有效控制,首先在分析处理实验数据的基础上研究了电动燃油泵的供油特性,并利用AMESim仿真软件建立了集成式电动燃油泵数学模型。以此为基础构建了燃油泵PID控制系统,仿真中用经验试凑的参数整定方法给出了最优的控制参数,达到了预期的控制效果。为控制系统的调试试验提供了理论依据。     

用于质量特性参数测量的新型气浮扭摆台

常规扭摆台采用滚动轴承和扭杆振动结构,纵向尺寸大、测量精度低、抗倾覆力矩小,不能满足质量特性参数综合试验台的要求,必须对其进行结构的分析和优化。本文提出交叉弹簧板结构替换扭杆,减少了扭摆台纵向尺寸,分析和实验表明该结构具有和扭杆相同的振动效果。将滚动轴承替换为气浮轴承,提高了抗倾覆力矩,测量精度最高达0.1%;采用有限元法对柱坐标系下修正的雷诺方程进行仿真计算,研究气浮轴承结构参数对承载能力和抗倾覆力矩的影响规律,确定了给定轴承外径下的最优几何参数。实验表明,改进的试验台提高了测量精度和振动稳定性,对卫星等飞行体质量特性参数的测量有重要的意义。     

非圆信号的贝叶斯稀疏重构阵列测向方法

对信号非圆特性的有效利用能显著改善子空间类阵列测向方法的性能,但难以弥补此类方法在低信噪比（SNR）、小样本等信号环境适应能力方面的局限。本文引入贝叶斯稀疏学习（SBL）技术以解决非圆信号的波达方向（DOA）估计问题,在结合信号非圆特性的同时对入射信号的空域稀疏性加以利用,通过将非圆信号阵列输出协方差矩阵和共轭协方差矩阵在预先定义的空域字典集上进行稀疏重构,得到入射信号的空间谱重构结果,并依据其谱峰位置估计各信号的方向。该方法对独立和相关信号都具有较好的适应能力,仿真结果验证了该方法在信号环境适应能力和相关信号测向精度等方面的优势。     

基于MCIS技术的相位差变化率单站无源定位

针对最大似然估计（ML）方法求解测相位差变化率单站无源定位问题计算量大、定位慢的问题,本文提出一种利用蒙特卡洛重要性抽样技术（MCIS）高精度、低复杂度的估计方法。根据Pincus定理推导出ML问题的近似全局解,利用重要性抽样（IS）技术构建符合高斯分布概率密度（PDF）的重要性函数,作为样本选取的依据,通过逆变换采样获得样本集,统计样本均值直接得到辐射源位置估计结果。MCIS方法简单易实现且运算量低,能够克服传统ML估计多维网格搜索耗时较长的缺陷,而且对目标位置初始估计误差有较低的敏感性。实验结果表明,MCIS算法在相同测量噪声水平下,定位精度优于EKF、NLS算法,有效减小了初始化估计误差对算法定位精度的影响,也进一步讨论分析了算法参数和不同观测条件对定位性能的影响。     

齿形几何参数对直通篦齿封严泄漏特性影响的正交实验

针对影响直通篦齿泄漏特性的6个主要几何参数(齿宽、封严间隙、齿高、齿距、前倾角和后倾角)及其常用的取值范围,依据正交原理设计了25个篦齿实验件,实验研究了其对泄漏特性的影响.结果表明:上述参数对流量系数的影响趋势有明显的区别;根据实验结果推断:封严效果最好的齿形结构为齿宽取0.1mm、封严间隙取0.3mm、齿高取3mm、齿距取9mm、前倾角取0°、后倾角取15°;上述参数在实验范围内的变化对流量系数影响程度的主次排序为:齿距→封严间隙→后倾角→齿宽→齿高→前倾角,齿距影响非常显著,封严间隙影响显著,后倾角和齿宽有一般影响,齿高和前倾角影响不显著.      

稳健的欠定混合矩阵盲辨识

主要研究欠定盲源分离中的混合矩阵估计问题。提出了一种改进的欠定混合矩阵估计算法,首先采用短时傅里叶变换得到混合信号的时频表示并检测出时频单源点,然后检测出时频单源点中影响混合矩阵估计性能的时频点并将其去除,最后采用聚类的方法实现混合矩阵的估计。语音信号的仿真实验表明,与已有算法相比较,本文提出的混合矩阵估计算法有更高估计精度和更强的鲁棒性。     

A novel system parameters design and performance analysis method for Distributed Satellite-borne SAR system

As a promising new technology emerged in recent years, the Distributed Satellite-borne SAR (DSS) system with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) imaging capability has been recognized by the remote sensing community as an integrated part of the spaceborne earth observation system. However, most researches on DSS were focused on individual aspects of system design/analysis and data processing, while few studies have been dedicated to establishing a standard methodological framework for universal DSS system design. Aiming at this problem, the topics of DSS system error analysis and design method are investigated in this paper. Firstly, a rigorous error propagation model of height measurement is theoretically derived from the DSS InSAR imaging geometry, and the impact of each error sources in this model on the height measurement accuracy is analyzed individually. In particular, the baseline length and its measurement error in the InSAR imaging plane are identified as the dominant factors. Second, a new method for DSS system design is proposed based on our analyses with the error propagation model. This method consists of two important phases, namely collaboration design and monostatic design. The major objective of collaboration design is to determine the configuration and parameters for the coordination between satellites in the DSS system. Afterwards, the key parameters for single satellite and the payload are determined by the monostatic design. Thirdly, a system performance analysis method is developed to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the pre-designed DSS system. In the next section, a typical example of DSS system design is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system design and analysis methods. The target DSS system has the same goal and hardware configuration as the TanDEM-X mission. Finally, the conclusion is drawn with our major findings are presented.     

An alternative computation of a gravity field model from GOCE

GOCE is the first satellite with a gravitational gradiometer (SGG). This allows to determine a gravity field model with high spatial resolution and high accuracy. Four of the six independent components of the gravitational gradient tensors (GGT) are measured with high accuracy in the so-called measurement band (MB) from 5 to 100 mHz by the GOCE gradiometer. Based on more than 1 year of GOCE measurements, two gravity field models have been derived. Here, we introduce a strategy for spherical harmonic analysis (SHA) from GOCE measurements, with a bandpass filter applied to the SGG data, combined with orbit analysis based on the integral equation approach, and additional constraints (or stabilization) in the polar areas where no observation is available due to the orbit geometry. In addition, we combined the GOCE SGG part with a set of GRACE normal equations. This improves the accuracy of the gravity field in the long-wavelength parts, due to the complementarity of GOCE and GRACE. Comparison with other models and with external data shows that our results are rather close to the GPS-levelling data in well-selected test regions, with an uncertainty of 4–7 cm, for truncation at degree 200.